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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people suffering from ADHD take medication for the condition. It can help improve symptoms, but it can also cause negative side effects. Consult your physician if you experience side effects. Stimulants are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These medications boost the levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant of first choice used to treat ADHD in adults and children. It works by increasing activity in the parts of the brain that assist to regulate attention and behavior. Methylphenidate may also be used to treat other conditions, such as the condition known as narcolepsy. It can help patients with narcolepsy stay awake during the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication can have the potential to be abused and is considered to be a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. If you take this medication as recommended can decrease the chance for abuse and also other side effects. Methylphenidate can trigger psychotic symptoms in a few people. It can also worsen behavior and tics for some people with Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. People with these conditions should tell their doctor before starting this medication. It's important to tell your doctor if you have any other health concerns or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, which is a yellow dye that is found in processed foods as well as some medicines; if you're taking Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate is known to interact with drugs, such as opioids, antidepressants and monamine oxide inhibitors. This includes isocarboxazid linezolid, methylene blue rasagiline, Emsam, Zelapar, or the tranylcypromine. It's also important to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. These can have a dangerous impact on your blood pressure and heart rate. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablet (Ritalin), the oral disintegrating capsule with a long-acting mechanism and chewable tablets (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT), and the chewable tablets that have a long-acting action (Quillichew-ER and Cotempla-XR -ODT), contain Phenylalanine. This can be dangerous if a genetic condition known as phenylketonuria is present. Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant drug that works within the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It is also used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD), which occurs during the winter and fall seasons. It is also utilized to aid in the cessation of smoking cigarettes by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in numerous studies. The fixed-effect RR pooled for improvement over the course of a week (using an improvement that is clinically significant of 30 percent or more on a CGI scale) is 1.14 (95% 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.37) and, for overall response, the corresponding percentage of improved subjects was 52% in the bupropion group, compared with 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion may cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions with a number of different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants, and some blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of having seizures for those with an history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is also not recommended for use in people with certain medical conditions and should not be used by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Bupropion is available as the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available in generic form. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants, also known as TCAs, are a class of medications that work by affecting brain chemicals. They were among the earliest antidepressants that were developed, and though they are no longer the first-line treatment for depression, they are still effective in some people with other conditions. They work by preventing the reuptakes of dopamine and serotonin, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin that is available to neurons. They also aid in relieving a number of other ailments, such as pain syndromes and enuresis, such as fibromyalgia, Phantom the limb syndrome. TCAs are effective for ADHD symptoms, whether they are prescribed on their own or in combination with stimulants. They can alleviate symptoms that are core to the disorder and reduce anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They may also help manage the tics. They are uncontrollable repetitive actions or sounds like blinking or throat clearing. TCAs can cause side effects, like sedation, dry mouth and constipation. They also increase the risk of cardiovascular issues. They can interact with other medications, like anticholinergics, and should be avoided by pregnant women. They can also be teratogenic for animals and can cross the placenta. If you have any concerns consult your physician for advice, as there are more modern antidepressants with a safer side-effect profile. Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) The SSRIs are a type of antidepressants that block serotonin reuptake by neuronal cells and increase the amount of serotonin to signal. They also reduce anxiety and the tendency to be impulsive. They are utilized to treat adhd as they can help people with their symptoms and can work in conjunction with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics, and have a low clearance from the body, however they are extensively metabolized the liver by CYP450 isoenzymes. This leads to varying blood levels. These medications are also prescribed to treat various conditions, such as major depression disorder, bulimia nervosa generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline may help reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective for other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction. If you are thinking about taking one of these medications it is essential to speak with your doctor. It is normal for people to have to test a variety of ADHD medications before they find the one that works best for them. Research and development of new medications is ongoing. It is also crucial to report all the medications you take to your doctor. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) When stimulant drugs don't work for adults with ADHD, doctors often prescribe an antidepressant called a selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). These drugs increase levels of norepinephrine, and serotonin, two brain chemicals. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs have similar negative effects to TCAs however, they are more secure. They are used to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain, such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression as well. SNRIs are duloxetine, (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine, (Effexor). adhd medication list block the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain that is a normal process after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal release of phasic. The increased levels of norepinephrine helps improve mood and attention. SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD however, some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. They are typically taken as pills. However they can also be used in liquid form or in patches. The FDA approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine or Qelbree, to treat ADHD in adolescents and children in April 2021. It is not a controlled substance because it does not have the potential of being abused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants which affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, but aid in the treatment of symptoms of ADHD. SNRI medications such as duloxetine and venlafaxine have been shown in several studies to significantly reduce scores on different ADHD tests. SNRIs can increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. It is crucial to consult with a doctor prior to taking these drugs. Additionally, improperly disposed medication could cause harm to people and animals. It is therefore important to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs and SNRIs are not approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors can prescribe them off-label. They are safe, effective, and have fewer adverse effects than stimulants. Talk to your doctor regarding your child's symptoms and talk about the pros and cons of these medications. SNRIs are not suitable for all people. For instance women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take SNRIs as they could be absorbed into breast milk. People who suffer from high blood pressure or liver issues should not be taking these medications, either, since they can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people who suffer from ADHD discover that medication can help them improve their concentration and attention. Some individuals may also notice a decrease in their impulsive behavior. The medication is typically combined with behavior therapy and training, which helps people manage their symptoms. Finding the right medication for each person requires time. During this process, doctors observe physical reactions to determine the optimal balance of benefits and side effects. The stimulant drugs, like methylphenidate, enhance the activity of certain brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. While they are generally effective and safe for most people, they can also cause serious side effects, such as reduced appetite and trouble sleeping. These effects usually go away within some weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Non-stimulant drugs are also available for children as well as adults. They may take longer to work, but they can improve the ability to control impulses and concentration. These include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine) and guanfacine. Antidepressants can also be effective in treating ADHD. They can boost norepinephrine levels which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that assists with impulsive behaviors and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant used to treat ADHD. It was originally prescribed “off-label” for ADHD, but drugmakers eventually came up with extended-release versions, and the FDA approved it as a treatment for this disorder.